Embolization of a deep orbital varix through endovascular route.

We report a case of the primary deep orbital venous varix treated by endovascular coil embolization procedure by transfemoral catheterization. This method of treatment has the advantage of image‑guided localization of the pathology, real‑time management and confirmation of the success of the procedure in the sitting.

To evaluate stereoacuity in patients with acquired esotropia and to determine factors associated with favourable outcomes.

Aim: To evaluate stereoacuity in patients with acquired esotropia and determine the factors associated with favorable outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 68 subjects aged 6 years and above were included in the study. Thorough clinical evaluation including binocular status examination using the Bagolini‑striated glass test, The Netherland Organization (TNO), and Randot stereo test were done. The subjects were divided into two groups 1 and 2, based on the amount of deviation. Statistical analysis of the result was performed. Result: The duration of misalignment in the group with deviation less than or equal to 8 prism diopters (PD) was 1.49 ± 0.86 years, whereas in the group with deviation more than or equal to 10 PD was 4.64 ± 2.99 years (P = 0.000). Among the subjects in group 1, 89.5% achieved fusion and 52.6% had stereoacuity on both TNO and Randot, whereas in group 2 40% achieved fusion and 3.3% stereopsis on both TNO and Randot (one case with only coarse stereopsis). A subanalysis within group 1 revealed a statistically significant difference for the duration of misalignment (P = 0.02), but a marginal difference for the amount of deviation (P = 0.3). Conclusion: A horizontal deviation up to 8 PD was compatible with stereopsis. Also, the duration of constant misalignment affects the attainment of stereopsis despite successful realignment.

An unusual cause of optic atrophy in a child.

A 13‑year‑old child presenting with gross visual impairment was diagnosed as a case of optic atrophy. However, radiological investigations revealed osteopetrosis, which, though rare, can result in optic atrophy. The aim of this case report is to highlight this possibility while evaluating cases of optic atrophy in young patients.

The efficacy of Ahmed glaucoma valve drainage devices in cases of adult refractory glaucoma in Indian eyes.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) drainage devices in cases of adult refractory glaucoma in Indian eyes. Settings and Design: Retrospective interventional case series study. Materials and Methods: Fifty two eyes of 32 patients of refractory glaucoma in the age group of 35 to 60 years who underwent AGV implantation with or without concomitant procedures from January 2003 to Jan 2007 were studied. Of these, 46 eyes (88%) had undergone filtering surgery earlier whereas remaining eyes underwent primary AGV implantation following failure of maximal medical therapy. The follow up ranged between 12 months to 48 months Results: Eighteen eyes (35%) had undergone phacoemulsification with AGV implantation, penetrating keratoplasty (PK) with AGV and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in 13 eyes (25%), AGV over preexisting IOL in eight eyes (15%). AGV implantation alone was done in six (11%) eyes. Anterior chamber (AC) reconstruction with secondary IOL and AGV was performed in the remaining eyes. The mean intra ocular pressure (IOP) decreased from 36.3 ± 15.7 mm Hg to 19.6 ± 9.2 mm Hg. Complete success as per criteria was achieved in 46 eyes (88%). None of the eyes had failure to maintain IOP control following AGV. Conclusion: The AGV resulted in effective and sustained control of IOP in cases of adult refractory glaucoma in intermediate follow up.